ORAL MAXILOFACIAL AND SURGERY

BIOPSY

Biopsy is process to procurement of tissue sample from a living organism.The sample tissue is for laboratory evaluation and analysis.It is usually for a purpose of diagnosis of desease.

Aim of biopsy are:

1)Establish a diagnosis-tumour,mucosal lision
2)Confirm a diagnosis-eg:excised denture induce hyperplasia
3)Assess cellular dysplasia in premalignant lesions
4)Staging of malignancy
5)assess margin slearance of tumour excision


Types of biopsy in oral are:

1)Incisional Biopsy
When there is a large diffuse lesion,a “representative” section of the lesion is incised with the help of a scalpel along with the normal tissue and sent for histopathological evaluation. The dept of biopsy should be enough to obtain a representative area of lesion.Usually an elliptical,wedge-shape tissue is obtained with the “V” of the wedge converging into the deeper tissues.

2) Excisional biopsy
Excisioal is taken if the lesion extremely small in size. In the cases the entire lesion is excise in total at the same sitting and sent histopathological examination.It is combination of diagnostic and ablative prosuder and it suitable for lesion ≤ 1cm.
With all the investigation in hand,the clinician have a clear picture of the type,the location ,extend and behavior of the lesion.A final diagnosis is then obtained and a suitable medical or surgical line is treatment is decided upon.

3)Punch biopsy
A small part of the lesion is obtained a specimen using a punch.This technique is of particular use in mucosal lesion from inaccessible region that cannot be reached by conventional method.The technique produce some amount of crushing or distortion of the tissues.

4)Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology(FNAC)
FNAC uses a fine needle (23-26G) to aspirate the content of the lesion.Asmear is prepared,stained and studies.This test may not be significant at times.